Un yaraví ecuatoriano: PuñalesFidel Pablo GuerreroPara el blog: soymusicaecuador.blogspot.com
Ulpiano Benítez, compositor de PuñalesEsta pieza musical puede ser considerada el arquetipo (modelo) del yaraví mestizo. A su parte final se le ha sumado un albazo, cambiando a la pieza totalmente el carácter. Muchos consideran al yaraví como un género de gran tristeza (en el pasado se tenía más bien la noción de que era un género dulce), propio para expresar sentimientos de dolor, amor, desamor y ausencia. El albazo por su parte fue un género bailable, alegre, a pesar que se desarrolla –igual que el yaraví- en tonalidad menor (en la actualidad muy poco se practican los bailes de la “música nacional”); así que en esta pieza se confronta lo triste y lo alegre, lo lento y lo movido, lo que se escucha y lo que se baila. Así, aparentemente disímiles, entre estos géneros en realidad existe una relación más estrecha de lo que uno puede pensar.Fuimos los primeros en señalar – en nuestro estudio Tonos y bailes del Ecuador (1987-1992), que corre por ahí en copias- que el albazo tiene el mismo ritmo de base del yaraví, aunque en el caso del albazo es ejecutado a gran velocidad. Luego este criterio sería reproducido por nuestro amigo, a quien se lo comentamos, el compositor Gerardo Guevara. Las figuraciones son las mismas en ambos géneros: negra corchea-corchea negra y si se ejecutan en forma lenta resulta el acompañamiento del yaraví y si en forma rápida se torna en albazo. Esto lo deducimos al colectar las partituras de ambos géneros y cuando experimentabamos sus transcripciones con el programa finale, transcribiendo los diferentes ritmos de base de los géneros ecuatorianos.En el siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, el yaraví solía ser escrito en compás de 3/4, sin embargo en nuestro tiempo su registro se hace en 6/8; su movimiento suele ser lento y se caracteriza porque su discurso musical se mueve dentro de esquemas pentafónicos y con intencionalidad dramática. Algunos yaravíes, como para quitarles lo grave de su contenido, solían terminar también en otro género: la tonada. En la guitarra el acompañamiento típico del yaraví empieza con un rasgado al que siguen cuatro bajos (negra corchea- y tres corcheas).Puñales fue grabado por el Dúo Benítez Ortiz a fines de 1939 y distribuido a principios de los años 40’s en su primer registro. Se lo atribuye, en su música y texto, a Ulpiano Benítez Endara (s. XIX- ca. 1969). Sin embargo el registro que ahora presentamos correponde al realizado por Emory Cook (1913-2002), norteamericano que grabó en una presentación al Dúo Benítez Valencia en la Embajada norteamericana de Quito en el año de 1958.Su título no tiene una relación directa con el texto de la pieza, sin embargo existe aquella connotación de dolor, como la herida de un puñal (suelen hablar de música puñalera); existen otros yaravíes con títulos similares: El puñal y Siete puñales.PuñalesYaraví ecuatorianoUlpiano BenítezMi vida es cual hoja secaque va rodando en el mundo,que va rodando en el mundo;no tiene ningún consuelo,no tiene ningún halago,por eso cuando me quejomi alma padece cantando,mi alma se alegra llorando.Llorando mis pocas dichas,cantando mis desventuras,cantando mis desventuras,camino sin rumbo cierto,sufriendo esta cruel herida,y al fin me ha de dar la muerte,lo que me niega la vida,lo que me niega la vida.AlbazoQué mala suerte tienen los pobres,Que hasta los perros le andan mordiendoAsí es la vida guambrita,ir por el mundo, bonita,siempre sufriendo.
Video: Puñales (yaraví) / Ulpiano Benítez. Intérprete: Dúo Benítez Valencia. Colección: Emory Cook.
Partitura de Puñales (yaraví) / Ulpiano Benítez. Transcripción melodía: César Santos. Adaptación piano: Fidel Pablo Guerrero.
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