sábado, 25 de mayo de 2013

Bicentenario de Richard Wagner. – Curso – Seguro – Seguro – Register

El pasado 22 de mayo se ha celebrado en todo el mundo el bicentenario del nacimiento de uno de los compositores que más repercusión ha tenido en la historia de la música, Richard Wagner.

Un personaje que ha levantado pasiones y odios por partes iguales tanto en vida como después de muerto, con una vida personal intensa, polémica y apasionante al mismo tiempo. No es el lugar de comentar su más que conocida biografía, pero sí de señalar al menos un par de detalles que le hicieron único y revolucionario en el terreno operístico.

Wagner compuso un total de 13 óperas, y su actividad como compositor se desarrolló mayoritariamente en este terreno.

Acuñó el concepto de "melodía infinita", un contínuo sonoro que comenzaba al principio de cada acto de la escena y que no cesaba hasta el final de la misma. Hasta entonces, la ópera era una sucesión de "números" más breves (arias, recitativos, coros, dúos, tríos, interludios orquestales) que daban la oportunidad al espectador de aplaudir y relajarse cada pocos minutos.
Con esta técnica, Wagner mantenía en tensión al oyente durante muchísimo tiempo haciendo esta experiencia profundamente intensa o insufrible, dependiendo del oyente, claro está.

Por otra parte, Wagner concibió la ópera como la "obra de arte total",gesamkunstwerk, un compendio de todas las disciplinas artísticas, drama, escenografía, iluminación, maquillaje, peluquería, música, decoración e inculso arquitectura, cuyo colofón sería la construcción de su propio teatro, el Festpielhaus de Bayreuth (Alemania), que construyó con el patrocinio del rey Luis II de Baviera, aunque explicar su relación con él merecería un capítulo aparte.

Y por último, señarlar la importancia de la técnica delleitmotiv o hilo conductor, es decir, la relación entre un motivo musical más o menos extenso que se relaciona con un personaje, objeto, situación o incluso sentimiento, que aparecería y daría más unidad a la ópera, y por tanto enriquecería la experiencia del oyente. Esta misma técnica es hoy en día fundamental en el mundo del cine y en la composición de las bandas sonoras, un buen ejemplo de ello, que no el único, es la fantástica Banda Sonora de la película de "El señor de los anillos" compuesta por Howard Shore.

En fin, son sólo tres de los múltiples aspectos que hicieron de Wagner un icono del siglo XIX y que marcó a todos los compositores del XX, pues llegó a romper con muchas de las normas armónicas tradicionales y a avanzar en el uso de nuevos acordes, técnicas compositivas, efectos orquestales, invención de instrumentos musicales para sus óperas (tubas wagnerianas).

Dejo a continuación algunos enlaces de interés que he ido recopilando durante esta semana en redes sociales y medios digitales, por si son de interés para iniciarse o profundizar en el conocimiento de este compositor único, Richard Wagner: A disfrutarlos!!!

Orquesta del Festival de Bayreuth:



Festival de Bayreuth: escenario:



Documental sobre Wagner:



Audios sobre Wagner en el programa de radioEl viaje a Itaca, de Radio Clásica (en su sección de podcasts):
El viaje de Itaca en Radio Clásica

Audios sobre conferencias en la Fundación Juan March:
http://www.march.es/conferencias/anteriores/?p2=1&p3=871&l=1

Recordando a Wagner en Bayreuth (reportaje Euromaxx):



Serie documental de Howard Goodall sobre Wagner para la BBC:


Documental de Stephen Fry sobre Wagner para la BBC:



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